Stack Emission Testing keeps a check on an industrial waste stream that is being emitted into the atmosphere.

Stack emission testing is also known as Source Sampling Test, Emission Test, Performance Test or Compliance Test. In this service, the test methods adopted depend upon the type of pollutants and industry. This type of emission testing is performed while the pollution control equipment is operating at conditions where there is highest emission.

There are several types of flue-gas stack based on fuel injections. Eg. DG SET ,BOILER, FURNACE & EACH, CHIMENY etc.

The residential drinking water testing program includes analysis for common water quality problems, microbiological contamination, and makes recommendations regarding the potential need for water treatment devices, such as: softeners, reverse osmosis units, distillation, neutralizers, chlorination systems, ultraviolet or UV systems. As part of the Water Research Center continuing efforts of environmental education on tap water testing , we established an education program, testing program, guidance on a treatment program, and a self-monitoring program.

Groundwater testing protects groundwater resources and the environment.

Most of the Earth’s fresh water is groundwater (traditionally considered to be water within 100 meters of the surface of the earth) and can contain many constituent parts, including microorganisms, gases, inorganic and organic materials. Groundwater must be protected from the adverse effects of agricultural and industrial pollution to safeguard the environment, protect sources of drinking water and avoid well water contaminations. Scientific analysis on groundwater samples can determine if there is evidence of negative environmental impact.

Sewage Treatment is the process that removes the majority of the contaminants from waste water or sewage and produces each a liquid effluent appropriate for disposal to the natural surroundings and sludge. It includes physical, chemical, and Biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to supply an environmentally safe fluid waste stream and a solid waste appropriate for disposal or reuse.

The general parameters for sewage water includes pH, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, COD, BOD, Chlorides, Oil & Grease, Ammonical Nitrogen, Nitrates, Sulphates, Iron, Silica, Magnesium, Calcium, Acidity, Alkalinity, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium etc.

Effluent is the liquid waste flowing out from totally different areas of the plant. The treatment of various effluents varies with the kind of effluent. The industrial effluent treatment plants are designed to provide a pollution free working setting and recycle the water for other applications.

The ETP involves different stages of treatment including physic-chemical treatment and biological treatment followed by tertiary treatment. The general parameters for raw effluents and treated effluents includes pH, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, COD, BOD, Chlorides, Sulphates, Oil & Grease, Ammonical Nitrogen and Viable Count.

Noise pollution tends to increase as population grows and rapid urbanization takes place. Enlargement of traffic systems, international airports and rail networks brings noise pollution to more and more people. As surveys have shown that noise pollution is regarded as one of the most disturbing forms of pollution, more research has been conducted to identify the negative effects of noise. The results indicate that insomnia, high blood pressure, heart diseases and hearing impairment can all be caused by noise.

To lay down a procedure of operation of the Lux meter and monitoring the lux level. 2.0 Scope. This standard operating procedure is applicable for monitor the lux levels in production areas, sampling and dispensing booth by using lux meter at pharmaceutical formulation plant.

Lux meters are used for measuring brightness in lux, fc or cd/m². Some lux meters are equipped with an internal memory or data logger to record and save measurements. The measurement of light intensity with a lux meter is becoming increasingly important in the workplace due to safety concerns. PCE Instruments’ lux meters with data loggers are highly regarded in the industry due to the devices’ cosine correction of the angle of incident light.

A soil test is important for several reasons: to optimize crop production, to protect the environment from contamination by runoff and leaching of excess fertilizers, to aid in the diagnosis of plant culture problems, to improve the nutritional balance of the growing media and to save money and conserve energy by applying only the amount of fertilizer needed. Pre- plant media analyses provide an indication of potential nutrient deficiencies, pH imbalance or excess soluble salts. This is particularly important for growers who mix their own media. Media testing during the growing season is an important tool for managing crop nutrition and soluble salts levels. To use this tool effectively, you must know how to take a media sample to send for analysis or for in-house testing, and be able to interpret media test results.

In STP/ETP, sludge means the following.

• Primary sludge – When raw sewage is settled in a primary clarifier, the suspended solids settle down by gravity. These are drawn out from the conical floor of the clarifier. This is called primary sludge (PS). It will have mostly organic substances and also inorganic substances. If it is stored, the organic substances will undergo anaerobic reaction as in This will result in production of Methane and Hydrogen Sulphide gases.

• Secondary sludge – When the sewage is aerated in aeration tanks, biological microorganisms grow and multiply. The aerated liquid is called the mixed liquor. It is settled in secondary clarifiers to separate the microorganisms by gravity. These are drawn out from the conical floor of the clarifier. This is called secondary sludge.

The fineness of cement can be determined by Sieve Test or Air Permeability test. Sieve Test: Air-set lumps are broken, and the cement is sieved continuously in a circular and vertical motion for a period of 15 minutes. The residue left on the sieve is weighed, and it should not exceed 10% for ordinary cement.

Chemical testing identifies the presence of specific contaminants, and the manufacturer can then use this information to identify and rectify the causes of contamination. Trace contamination may be in the form of particles, cloudiness, surface residue, or trace chemicals left over from the manufacturing process.

Chemical testing and analysis is vital for regulatory compliance and to understand the quality and composition of chemical substances and materials that are used in products, industrial processes and manufacturing. Specialist industry knowledge, and expertise in applying the most relevant methodology are the keys to successful chemical testing. Advanced analytical instrumentation or a combination of techniques is necessary to solve problems or determine composition.

This test helps in determining the porosity and density of bricks to be used for the construction of load-bearing walls. The method involves measurement of dimensions and mass to determine density, followed by measuring the increase in mass when soaked in water for a standard period of time.

• Water Absorption Test:
•  Permanent Linear Change Test:
•  Abrasion Resistance Test:
•  Creep Deformation Test:
•  Modulus of Rapture:
•  Fly ash / Lime Brick Test:

The testing of steel’s properties often begins with checking hardness. This is measured by pressing a diamond pyramid or a hard steel ball into the steel at a specific load. The Vickers Diamond Pyramid Hardness tester, which measures the DPH mentioned above, uses an indenter with an included angle of 136° between opposite faces of a pyramid and usually a load of 10, 30, or 50 kilograms-force. The diagonal of the impression is measured optically, and the hardness expressed as the load in kilograms-force divided by the impressed area of the pyramid in square millimeters.

The test is conducted by using Ring and Ball apparatus. A brass ring containing test sample of bitumen is suspended in liquid like water or glycerin at a given temperature. A steel ball is placed upon the bitumen sample and the liquid medium is heated at a rate of 5 C per minute.